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OT but for all Foster Parents: NFPA Position Statements



 
 
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Old June 9th 05, 08:56 PM
PopInJay
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Default OT but for all Foster Parents: NFPA Position Statements


History of Foster Care in the U.S.
Rights of Foster Parents
Code of Ethics



NFPA Position Statements

PLEASE NOTE: The following documents are position statements
developed by NFPA representatives and voted on by the membership.
Where there is historical documentation of the date, that date is
included. Others may show only the year, as recorded in other
documents. The documents are listed in chronological order,
beginning with the most recent.

* ON DISCLOSURE
* ON RESPITE CARE
* ON NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FOSTER CARE REVIEWERS
* ON FALSE ALLEGATIONS OF ABUSE IN FOSTER CARE
* ON A NATIONAL STANDARD OF REIMBURSEMENT RATE
* ON ADOPTION SUBSIDIES
* ON THE CONCEPT OF ORPHANAGES
* ON CORPORAL PUNISHMENT
* ON PARTICIPATION OF ALL FOSTER PARENTS AND CHILD CARE
WORKERS IN FOSTER PARENT ASSOCIATIONS
* ON LIABILITY INSURANCE FOR FOSTER PARENTS
* ON MANDATORY TRAINING FOR FOSTER PARENTS
* ON CHILD ABUSE/NEGLECT ALLEGATIONS IN FOSTER/ADOPTIVE FAMILIES
* ON FOSTER PARENT RECRUITMENT AND RETENTION
* ON VIDEO-TAPING CHILDREN'S TESTIMONY
* ON FOSTER PARENT TRAINING
* ON INSURANCE
* ON SERVICES TO THE CHILD IN HIS OWN FAMILY
* ON PLANNING FOR CHILDREN IN CARE
* ON TAXATION OF PAYMENTS FOR FOSTER CARE
* ON FOSTER PARENT EDUCATION
* ON THE MOVEMENT OF CHILDREN IN FOSTER CARE


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NFPA POSITION STATEMENT ON DISCLOSURE

Where as health and safety are primary concerns in the placement
of children, for the protection of the child and the care
provider, it must be mandatory, that all known background
information which includes medical, physical, psychological, and
educational history must be disclosed prior to, and to continue
through placement.

Therefore the National Foster Parent Association supports
legislation that would establish Federal and State Statutes to
mandate such disclosures.

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NFPA POSITION STATEMENT ON RESPITE CARE

The NFPA supports the development and implementation of respite
care programs, with respite care providers being approved and
reimbursed and compensated to care for children on a short term,
temporary basis. Respite care providers shall be support families
for foster families, thus providing consistent care for foster
youth. The National Foster Parent Association advocates that
foster parents will receive at least two days of planned respite
care per month for each child placed in their home.

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NFPA POSITION STATEMENT ON National Association of Foster Care
Reviewers

The National Foster Parent Association Inc. recognizes and
supports the mission and goals of the National Association of
Foster Care Reviewers.

That mission being the promotion of safe, permanent families for
children in foster care. By assuring that every child in foster
care receives independent, timely, culturally responsive, quality
case reviews; and advocating on behalf of abused and neglected
children at the case and policy levels.

The National Foster Parent Association further encourages foster
parents to attend and participate in the review process by
providing input, advocating for the children in your care and
assistance in clarifying problems or obstacles to permanency.

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NFPA POSITION STATEMENT ON FALSE ALLEGATIONS OF ABUSE IN FOSTER CARE

The National Foster Parent Association's first concern is to
ensure that no child suffers harm while in foster care. The
Association does acknowledge that some foster parents are capable
of maltreatment.

Foster and adoptive families are at risk and vulnerable to charges
of false allegations because they are so visible in the community.
They frequently have large families, children from culturally
diverse backgrounds, or children with physical and/or emotional
disabilities. There is a need to care for the children but also to
address the issue of protection and retention of foster and
adoptive homes.

Currently, an estimated 168,000 foster families are providing care
for more than 743,000 children in placement across the nation and
this number is steadily increasing. These children are frequently
exhibiting a wide variety of behavioral problems including making
false allegations of abuse toward their foster/adoptive parents.
Research has shown that children who have been abused,
particularly children who were sexually abused, may make false
abuse allegations against subsequent parents or caregivers.

It is estimated that as of 1997 there was a 1 in 8 chance of
having false abuse or neglect allegations made against foster
and/or adoptive parents. This number is growing and in some areas
of the nation has increased by as much as 400%.

The NFPA believes foster parents, upon being licensed and/or
approved, should always be provided with a manual that gives
specific clear directions on how allegations and investigations of
abuse in foster care are handled in their agency. The manual
should clearly state all applicable state laws and agency policies
regarding allegations and investigations. NFPA believes foster
parents, in order to function with maximum effectiveness as a part
of the team, need helpful, relevant and current information, the
best and most skilled agency support services, and a clear view of
expectations to enable them to perform their role as competent
parents.

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NFPA POSITION STATEMENT ON A NATIONAL STANDARD OF REIMBURSEMENT RATE

Whereas, reimbursement for foster care is not consistent with the
cost of rearing a child, and

Whereas, foster parents are required to provide 100% of the needs
of the child,

Therefore, the National Foster Parent Association Board of
Directors supports the introduction of federal legislation that
would require states to make the basic foster care rate at least
equal to the monthly cost of raising a child as determined by the
USDA guidelines to raise a child consistent with the median income
of the respective geographic region.

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NFPA POSITION STATEMENT ON ADOPTION SUBSIDIES

Whereas, the environment in which families are raising children
has changed dramatically in the last several years, and there are
increasing threats to child safety as reflected in an increase in
reports of child abuse and neglect; and

Whereas, this country has over 500,000 children in foster or
substitute care; and

Whereas, each child in foster care must have a permanency planning
goal; and

Whereas, adoption is an appropriate permanency goal if
reunification with the parents is not in the best interest of the
child; and

Whereas, this country has over 27,000 children waiting for
adoption; and

Whereas, many adoptive children have special needs requiring
additional financial support; and

Whereas, the Title IV-E Foster Care and Adoption Assistance
Program has been maintained as an entitlement program; and

Whereas, the federal government will continue 50 to 80 percent of
foster care maintenance and adoption assistance payment; and

Whereas, in addition, states can continue to receive federal
reimbursements for 50 % of eligible administrative costs and 75 %
of eligible training costs;

Therefore, be it resolved that the National Foster Parent
Association strongly supports the need for continued funding for
adoption subsidies. We ask for support in the state and federal
budget to continue a supportive funding program which encourages
adoption and permanency in the lives of our children.

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NFPA POSITION STATEMENT ON THE CONCEPT OF ORPHANAGES

Family foster care is an essential and valuable child welfare
service for children who must be separated from their parents
because of the tragedy of physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect,
maltreatment, special medical needs, or other circumstances.

The value of family foster care is that it can respond to the
unique individual needs for children and help then grow
emotionally and physically healthy and learn enduring family
relationships within the structure of a nurturing family.

Therefore, the National Foster Parent Association totally rejects
the concept of placing children in institutions or facilities
classified as "orphanages".

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NFPA POSITION STATEMENT ON CORPORAL PUNISHMENT

Whereas, the National Foster Parent Association would be remiss if
it did not join the groundswell of public and professional protest
against corporal punishment of children, in the home and in the
schools, as well as the stated opposition to corporal punishment
by the American Academy of Pediatrics, Child Welfare League of
America, American Bar Association, and others, the assembled
members of the National Foster Parent Association adopts the
following position statement:

Numerous studies have overwhelmingly confirmed that hitting,
spanking, slapping and other forms of physical punishment are
harmful methods of changing children's behavior and alternative
forms of discipline are more effective, and,

A workshop on violence and public health, convened by Surgeon
General Koop, recommended that a major campaign be carried out,
with the help of the media, to reduce the public's acceptance of
violence in general and violence against children in particular,
including physical punishment, and further, that the American
people come to understand that corporal punishment should be
abolished, and,

The use of physical punishment is deeply ingrained in American
society and will be difficult to eliminate, but the detrimental
effects of physical punishment indicate that the time for action
is immediate and urgent,

The Nation Foster Parent Association adds its voice to those
urging the abolition of corporal punishment of children and those
efforts to heighten public awareness of other forms of discipline
more effective and less damaging to the bodies and spirits of
children.

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NFPA POSITION STATEMENT ON PARTICIPATION OF ALL FOSTER PARENTS AND
CHILD CARE WORKERS IN FOSTER PARENT ASSOCIATIONS

The National Foster Parent Association, herein referred to as
NFPA, is an organization of foster parents agency representatives,
and community people. We strongly feel that all foster parents
should be aware of foster care issues. We also believe that the
teamwork approach in foster care will improve the quality of
service that children in placement receive.

Local and state foster parent associations provide information to
their members on foster care issues. Members of these
organizations also exchange ideas and share information The
teamwork approach is encouraged through continued training offered
and promoted by the association.

Professionalism of foster parenting is becoming a nationwide
movement. The agency is beginning to recognize foster parents and
associations as valuable components in providing services to
children. NFPA therefore believes that service providing agencies
should encourage all licensed foster parents and child care
workers to actively participate in local and state foster parent
associations.

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NFPA POSITION STATEMENT ON LIABILITY INSURANCE FOR FOSTER PARENTS

NFPA supports implementation of a liability and property damage
insurance package to protect foster parents from liability for
acts of the child in care and for suits brought by the biological
parent, the child, or others arising out of the foster
parent/child relationship.

Foster parents are volunteers who open their doors to unknown
liability each time they take a new foster child. NFPA believes
that since the agency retains complete legal guardianship of these
children, injuries damages and thefts against any person or
property caused or committed by the agency's wards should be the
agency's responsibility. NFPA strongly feels that state or local
agencies should provide public and private liability coverage,
including additional automobile insurance, for all foster parents.

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NFPA POSITION STATEMENT ON MANDATORY TRAINING FOR FOSTER PARENTS

NFPA has learned that many foster parents in the United States
lack the special skills and do not have the knowledge necessary to
properly deal with the special problems that children currently
being placed in foster care have. These children are more
difficult, have more severe problems, and are more demanding of
foster parents than in years past.

NFPA believes that training is necessary to obtain the skills and
acquire the knowledge to deal with these problems. Since many
foster parents do not realize that training will equip them with
the necessary skills and, therefore, do not avail themselves of
training opportunities, NFPA supports mandatory training for all
foster parents. Training should take place on three levels: 1)
pre-service, 2) apprenticeship )3 ongoing. Foster parents must
have a major role in determining training standards and choosing
and monitoring quality training programs in each state.

NFPA further supports provision of funding by federal and state
governments for such training. Funds should be made available for
development and implementation of comprehensive and specialized
training programs for foster parents. The federal government is
encourage to require those states receiving federal foster care
dollars to receive them contingent upon implementing and mandating
a foster parent training package as outlined above. Funding should
include monies for child care and transportation costs, thus
enabling foster parents to attend without suffering a financial
hardship.

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NFPA POSITION STATEMENT ON CHILD ABUSE/NEGLECT ALLEGATIONS IN
FOSTER/ADOPTIVE FAMILIES

1987 The National Foster Parent Association, herein referred to as
NFPA, is an organization of foster parents, agency
representatives. and community people. NFPA is extremely concerned
about the increasing number of allegations of child abuse/ neglect
among foster/adoptive parents. This problem is apparent throughout
the country.

Under no circumstances do we condone child abuse/neglect in any
family; however, we recognize there are circumstances which make
some foster/adoptive families especially vulnerable to reports of
abuse/neglect and susceptible to misjudgments. These circumstances
are as follows:

Children who have experienced the uncertainties and insecurities
of years of foster care, often with multiple moves, have been
damaged in ways which affect their behavior for years. Many
children who have suffered such damage have learned maladaptive or
anti-social behaviors, thus are manipulative, unable to trust,
lack a sense of honesty and responsibility, and are deficient in
many areas of their development.

Such children, due to their histories, typically behave in ways
which jeopardize the security and stability of the families
diligently striving to undo some of the damage of the past and to
help the children develop more appropriate and socially acceptable
behaviors. These children often lie and play on the responses of
other adults who do not view their behaviors in the context of the
children's prior experiences. Some children deliberately hurt
those who offer help and try to destroy close relationships. After
a sequence of adult rejections, they cannot accept that others
care about or love them. It is not uncommon for the children
themselves to make false reports of abuse/ neglect in an effort to
control adult behavior or to deal with fears of close relationships.

Foster/adoptive parents of difficult or emotionally disturbed
children are often subjected to community scrutiny and suspicion
that biological families do not experience. Foster/adoptive
families are sometimes highly visible in their communities due to
their size or composition. Many people do not understand why
someone would choose to adopt/foster older children, large numbers
of children, children with handicapping conditions or negative
histories. Hence, they are suspicious of the parents' motives.

This lack of understanding can also apply to the agencies
responsible for investigations of alleged abuse/neglect. In
addition, agency standards for investigations are not uniform in
practice nor necessarily of high quality. Protective services
workers may be untrained or inexperienced. Workers may not be
familiar with the complexities of the pathologies displayed by the
children and the stresses they bring to family living.

The child's psychological, medical, and educational records may
not be considered in an investigation. Appropriate child
management techniques and therapeutic interventions may be viewed
out of context by those not familiar with their purposes.
Unsubstantiated charges can go unchallenged, and state standards
in child abuse/ neglect investigations can result in overly
subjective decisions.

Due to these factors. foster/adoptive parents can be unfairly and
unduly stressed. Instead of receiving support and assistance from
the community, they may be forced to expend their energies on
defending themselves rather than getting on with their parenting job.

Parents who have foster and adopted children join with all parents
in seeking acceptance and support from their communities. We share
a commitment to our children and a belief in the value of family
life. Above all, we seek the health and well-being of all of our
children. Therefore, we support the following:

1.
Increased efforts to identify child abusers/neglecters
to assure that all children are safe and that their parents
provide nurturing environments.
2.
Increased preventive, corrective, and rehabilitative
services. All parents must have continuous opportunities to learn
about and improve parenting skills. Community agencies must
provide ongoing and widely publicized programs. Young people must
have instruction in the area of children's psychological and
physical needs in order to prepare them for parenting.
3.
Provision of ongoing support and educational services
to parents adopting or providing foster care for children with
special needs. We encourage Social Services Departments to use
Preventive Services monies and resources in order to prevent the
disruption of families with special needs children.
4.
Higher standards for the selection of protective
services workers and increased training requirements. Continuing
education must be provided concerning adoptive and foster families
and the behaviors presented by some adoptive and foster children.
Workers must be required to include in their investigations all
historical information on the child as well as testimony from
knowledgeable therapists. educators, and medical resources.
5.
Appropriate legislation or regulation to assure the above.

Adapted from the NYS Citizens' Coalition for Children, Inc. Statement

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NFPA POSITION STATEMENT ON FOSTER PARENT RECRUITMENT AND RETENTION

Whereas quality foster parents are being under- utilized or
un-utilized by child-placing agencies; and Whereas the need for
foster home recruitment is at an all-time high; and Whereas the
resources for recruitment are at an all-time low; Be it resolved
that the National Foster Parent Association support the
utilization of current licensed and/or approved foster family
homes and the implementation of program and support services to
current homes in order to retain the skills and quality resources
of the foster family home population.

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NFPA POSITION STATEMENT ON VIDEO-TAPING CHILDREN'S TESTIMONY

The National Foster Parent Association, recognizing that sexual
abuse testimony in court is very traumatizing for children who are
victims, supports video-taping of the child's story to allow the
child to express feeling and circumstances of the abuse in a
secure way.

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NFPA POSITION STATEMENT ON FOSTER PARENT TRAINING

The National Foster Parent Association calls upon federal and
state governments to make funds available for development and
implementation of comprehensive and specialized training programs
for foster parents.

The federal government is encouraged to require those states
receiving federal foster care dollars to receive them contingent
upon the design and implementation of on-going foster parent
training and education.

Training should take place on three levels: (1) pre-service; (2)
apprenticeship; (3) on-going.

Training should be mandatory for foster mothers and foster fathers.

Foster parents must have genuine decision-making power, not just
an advisory capacity, in determining how training will be provided.

There should be a more systematized use of experienced foster
parents in helping prospective and newly licensed foster parents.

All foster parents are called upon to demonstrate the highest
levels of professionalism in establishing training standards in
each state, and choosing and monitoring quality training programs,
and should have a major role in these processes.

All workers and agency personnel are challenged to work with
foster parents in advocacy for and establishment of a model of
professional development which will utilize the skills of
experienced foster parents, and demonstrate that "teamwork" is a
reality.

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NFPA POSITION STATEMENT ON INSURANCE

The NFPA supports implementation of a liability and property
damage insurance package to protect foster parents from liability
for acts of the child in care and for suits brought by the
biological parent, the child, or others, arising out of the foster
parent/child relationship.

Such insurance should be effective when other liability insurance
coverage does not apply. Reimbursement for such insurance should
be made by the placement agency.

In the absence of insurance, the NFPA would support the passage of
good samaritan legislation to protect foster parents.

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NFPA POSITION STATEMENT ON SERVICES TO THE CHILD IN HIS OWN FAMILY

The NFPA advocates the best level of protection services i.e.,
those services provided to the child and his family to present
placement. It supports all aspects of service planning and
delivery which maintain, protect and enable the child to remain
with his own family. It supports and advocates a high quality of
supportive and educative supervision of line staff serving,
investigating and making recommendation for removal and admission
to in-family placement. NFPA supports the point of view that
placement portends much for the child in the midst of family
crisis, thus the decision should not be made unilaterally; it
should be a decision made and situation verified by the line staff
person in consultation with the agency supervisor(s).

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NFPA POSITION STATEMENT ON PLANNING FOR CHILDREN IN CARE

The NFPA advocates a written plan for each child or youth for whom
placement in foster family care is the treatment of choice. It
affirms and supports the practice of sharing this plan with the
caregivers Ð the foster parents to assist them in moving the plan
toward the goal and maximizing the effectiveness of the foster
family in their role. It supports periodic, if not continuous,
review of the plan with the placement triad: the child or youth,
the birth parents, and the foster family. It supports internal and
external monitoring to accomplish the planned goals.

The NFPA advocates permanent planning as a process, seeing this
method as a necessary route to prevent drift while in care. It
subscribes to and supports the practice of full involvement of the
birth parents, the foster parents, and the child in all facets of
decision-making related to permanent planning to insure and enable
early, appropriate, and informed agency activity in behalf of the
child.

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NFPA POSITION STATEMENT ON TAXATION OF PAYMENTS FOR FOSTER CARE

The NFPA advocates that IRS recognize that payments made to foster
parents for children in their care, where paid by a pre-determined
formula for all children of similar nature, to all foster parents
as a class, constitute maintenance payments based on a
pre-determined status and as such cannot constitute income,
regardless of variation between states in amounts of payments.

Even where there are additional payments to foster parents for
special-needs children, where payments are uniform for all
children in that category these payments cannot constitute income.

Only where payments are made to foster parents for special skills
and services above those of parenting can such pro-rated amount be
construed as income.

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NFPA POSITION STATEMENT ON FOSTER PARENT EDUCATION

This section has been retracted and is being revised/updated by
committee

Currently, an estimated 125,000 foster families are providing care
for more than 525,000 children in placement across the nation.
These children are and will be exhibiting a variety of problems
which may be beyond the skills of persons without special
knowledge. In the opinion of NFPA, and supported by national
standard-setting agencies, public and voluntary agencies, and many
foster parent organizations, the foster parents need and should
receive education and training opportunities to enable them to
function as part of the team to benefit and serve the placed
child. The NFPA believes foster parents, in order to function with
maximum effectiveness as a part of the team, need the most helpful
and pertinent information, the best and most skilled agency
support services, and a clear view of expectations for their role.
While no particular education and training model is subscribed to
in this statement, the NFPA believes all effective plans or models
to enhance foster parents' skills have components in common which
provide a continuum of learning opportunities.

The continuum of services and education/training opportunities
should be planned cooperatively by the placing agency and
experienced foster parents. This continuum of parent development
opportunities should have three phases, with all three phases
mandatory for agencies and foster parents alike. This expectation
should be clearly set forth in initial contacts with candidates.

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NFPA POSITION STATEMENT ON THE MOVEMENT OF CHILDREN IN FOSTER CARE

Children are traumatized by separation and loss. Since children
in the foster care system have already experienced trauma, special
care must be taken by service providers not to compound it. The
attachments children form with their parents and other caregivers
should be recognized and respected.

Children in foster care often develop strong attachments to their
foster parents, at times these are as strong as the bonds they
have with their biological parents. The younger the child and the
longer the placement, the greater the impact of moving that child
from the foster parents whom the child has become attached.

It is sometimes necessary to move a child because of imminent
danger. However, moving a child from a successful foster care
placement should be done only as a last resort, after support and
services have been offered to the child and family to prevent the
move. If a child must be moved, there should always be a
transition plan for the child, developed with the child's age and
attachment needs in mind, as well as the depth of the child's
attachment to the foster parents and foster siblings.

This section has been retracted and is being revised/updated by
committee

PRE-SERVICE ORIENTATION
In the course of study all foster parent candidates should receive
a minimum of eight hours orientation covering all aspects of
agency philosophy and administrative policies, procedures and
practices as concern the parties to placement planning and service
Ð foster parents, biological parents and agency personnel. Other
issues addressed in the orientation should be separation and
grieving, working with the birth parent, and working as part of
the team. The orientation can be provided in groups or
individually, depending on the number of candidates being
processed by an agency at a given point, but in all instances the
orientation should be completed prior to the first placement. This
orientation should be supported by manual materials, contracts,
agreements or such other paper as clearly sets down all mutual
expectations in the foster parent-agency partnership. Whatever the
means and methods, this phase should familiarize foster parent
candidates with all facets of practice and performance
expectations for persons in the role of foster parents to children
to be placed by the agency.

This section has been retracted and is being revised/updated by
committee

AGENCY SUPPORT SERVICES (SUPERVISION)
Agency support services, commonly called supervision, are contacts
with the foster family which begin at the point of approval of the
home for use. They are an extension of the orientation learning
experience and are the hub on which the foster parent-agency
partnership turns. In the opinion of NFPA, these contacts cannot
be delegated, abridged or ignored by either foster parents or
agency personnel. Such person-to-person contacts support and
facilitate foster parents' efforts, define plans, and provide
accountability in terms of the agency mission for the child and
family in a specific placement.

This partnership implementation should be skillful, helpful, based
in mutual respect, and may be on a group or individual basis,
whichever basis is suggested by the needs of the child in care.
The contacts should reflect a high level of communication and
cooperation between members of the team and should in all ways
expand and enhance foster parents' efforts for this child as well
as all other children who might be placed later.

This section has been retracted and is being revised/updated by
committee

IN-SERVICE PARENT DEVELOPMENT
While agencies will focus on important generalities and specifics
in Phases I and II, NFPA believes foster parents should have
learning opportunities available to broaden their skills in
working with and their knowledge of all children, especially
children in foster care. These supplementary and developmental
learning opportunities, jointly planned by placement agencies and
foster parents, should be available throughout the period foster
parents are affiliated with an agency and foster parents should be
expected to participate as stipulated in the original agreement
with the agency.

In planning and implementation, the learning opportunities for
foster parents should be pertinent, reasonably convenient for
participation, and of sufficient variety to benefit foster parents
serving children with a variety of needs. A broad-based education
and training plan should include courses, special subject matter,
workshops and seminars, conference attendance, recognition events,
and group and/or individual opportunities for parent development.
The foster parents should have some selection in completing the
agreed-upon annual hours of participation. The NFPA supports
advance planning on an annual or biannual basis to enable
participation of foster parents without jeopardizing or intruding
upon family responsibilities.

The funding for such in-service parent development programs should
be the province of the planners, and the use of all available
resources should be encouraged.

The NFPA supports the inclusion of statements of support of foster
parent learning and development opportunities in all statements of
standard-setting and regulatory agencies.

The above section has been retracted and is being revised/updated
by committee

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Old June 10th 05, 03:06 AM
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PopInJay wrote:
History of Foster Care in the U.S.
Rights of Foster Parents
Code of Ethics


 




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