Combination vaccines safe for children

"Mark Probert" wrote in message
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Jeff wrote:
"LadyLollipop" wrote in message
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"Mark Probert" wrote in message
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Combination vaccines safe for children

SHOTS DO NOT OVERWHELM IMMUNE SYSTEM, STUDY SAYS

Surprise! Surprise!

*organized medicine*

ZZzz.


Actually, it is science.

Actually it's *organized medicine*

I ignored Jeff, the first time, for obvious reasons.

snip

"Peter Bowditch" wrote in message
...
Mark Probert wrote:

snip


Another controversy that surrounds childhood vaccinations focuses on a
mercury-containing preservative, called thimerosal, that had been used
in some vaccines. Some researchers and parents suspect it may increase
the risk for autism, but a number of public-health organizations have
examined the issue and found no link between vaccines and an increased
risk for autism.
--
Peter Bowditch

A number from *organized medicine*

For the *truth* look look elsewhere.

http://www.vran.org/vaccines/mercury/mer_haley.htm

Affidavit Of Boyd E. Haley. Professor And Chair. Department Of Chemistry.
University Of Kentucky

Thimerosal Containing Vaccines and Neurodevelopment Outcomes

FORWARD:

Thimerosal or merthiolate is a derivative of thiolsalicylate where ethyl
mercury is attached though the sulfur. It is defined as a preservative or
anti microbial in medical use. This anti microbial action is dependent on
thimerosal breaking down releasing ethyl mercury that can penetrate cell
membranes and bind to intracellular enzymes, inhibiting them, and causing
cell death. Further, in certain biological environments the ethyl mercury
can further break down releasing mercury cation (Hg2+). Hg2+ is also very
reactive with enzymes and proteins inhibiting their biological functions and
causing cell injury or death. Both ethyl mercury and Hg2+ are very neuro
toxic compounds. However, ethyl mercury is more rapidly partitioned into the
hydrophobic (fatty) tissues of the central nervous system and is a more
potent neuro toxin than Hg2+ based on this "partitioning factor". It is this
partitioning factor that makes organic mercurials such as dimethyl mercury
so neuro toxically lethal (this is the compound that caused the death of a
Dartmouth University chemistry professor after she was exposed to a drop or
two on her gloved hand). The concern with organic mercurials, such as
thimerosal, is that such compounds can be perceived as "pro toxicants" just
as certain pharmaceuticals can be classified as "pro drugs". This means that
the original compound, e.g. thimerosal, is less reactive giving the compound
time to partition into certain areas of the body before it breaks down
releasing the ethyl mercury and then further releasing Hg2+. However, while
attaching ethyl mercury to thiolsalicylate makes the ethyl mercury less
reactive it most likely allows increased partitioning into the central
nervous system before the ethyl mercury is released and thereby, increases
the neuro toxicity per unit ethyl mercury involved. Considerable caution
must be taken when stating what is the "toxic level" of mercury and any
mercury containing compound. Humans are not rats in a pristine cage where
their environment can be controlled to ensure that other toxicities and
infections are not occurring. The level of mercury that would cause toxicity
in a healthy individual is much higher than what would be needed to cause a
toxic effect in an individual that is ill or under oxidative stress. This is
because additional stresses lower the amount of protective compounds that
bind mercury and render it less harmful. If an individual is low on these
protective compounds, then less mercury or thimerosal would be needed to
cause a clinical effect. Below I will present my interpretation of our
research and that from other laboratories that focus on the potential
toxicity of injected thimerosal in the vaccine mixture.

BIOCHEMICAL TOXICITY STUDIES:

In my laboratory we have recently done an evaluation of the potential in
vitro toxicity of vaccines containing thimerosal as a "preservative" versus
those vaccines not containing thimerosal. In these preliminary studies,
vaccines with thimerosal added consistently demonstrated in vitro toxicity
that was markedly greater than the non thimerosal or low thimerosal
containing vaccines. We also compared the toxicity of the vaccine solutions
with solutions of pure thimerosal and with solutions of mercury chloride.
Mercury is a known neurotoxin and its mechanism of neurotoxicity has been
studied in our laboratory for the past 10 years. To determine the relative
toxicity we used two different biological testing systems: (i) brain
homogenates and (ii) a mixture of four purified mammalian enzymes. In human
brain homogenates we had earlier observed that mercuric ion rapidly
inhibited tubulin viability at low micromolar levels. mimicking the
situation in Alzheimer's diseased brain, but was less toxic to actin (see
Figures 1 & 2). Both tubulin and actin are polymerizing proteins that are
actively involved in neurite growth cone activity. In contrast to mercuric
ion, vaccines containing thimerosal inhibited both tubulin and actin
viability (see Figure 3). This would indicate that thimerosal has the
potential to be much more damaging to neurite development than equivalent
levels of mercuric ion. It is my hypothesis that thimerosal releases ethyl
mercury which most certainly interferes with neurite growth and neuronal
development in infants through rapid inhibition of several thiol sensitive
enzymes/proteins including actin, tubulin and creatine kinase. This supports
the concept that thimerosal in biological solutions injected into the human
body could cause a number of systemic problems identified as disease states.

CELL CULTURE WORK ON THIMEROSAL

The toxicity results obtained in our biochemical toxicity studies were not
at all unexpected since thimerosal and other compounds containing a similar
thiol organic mercury group are widely known to be especially potent
neurotoxic agents. Our biochemical toxicity results are very consistent with
the reported toxicity of thimerosal containing vaccines versus nonthimerosal
containing vaccines as observed in cell culture studies (Kravchenko et al.,
Evaluation of the Toxic Action of Prophylatic and Therapeutic Preparations
on Cell (cultures 111. The Detection of Toxic Properties in Medical
Biological Preparations by the [Degree of Cell Damage in the L132 Continuous
Cell Line. Zh. Microbiological Epidemiol. Immunobiol. (3):87 92, 1983). The
results of this research demonstrated the toxicity of thimerosal
(merthiolate) by showing cell damage of the 1 :10,000 concentration found in
vaccines after dilution of this mixture to I part per 128. The conclusion
was that thimerosal use for medical and biological preparation (i.e.
vaccines) manufacturing is inadmissible, especially in pediatrics. Other
studies on cytotoxicity of thimerosal compared it to another mercury
containing preservative (phenylmercuric acetate) and thimerosal was 5 times
more toxic with only a two minute exposure to the cells. The LD50 for
thimerosal was 2.2 micrograms/ml for a 24 hour exposure to human
conjunctival cells and the comment was made that "the longer the contact
time of these preservatives, the severer the damage to the ocular tissue".

In collaboration with another professor in our department we have now
included toxicity studies using human brain neurons in culture. Our initial
studies have shown that thimerosal is quite toxic to these neurons in
culture. Further, studies using vaccines with and without thimerosal present
demonstrated that the presence of thimerosal greatly enhanced the toxicity.
The neuron toxicity studies mirror the results we observed in the enzyme
toxicity studies mentioned above with the thimerosal being more toxic than
inorganic mercury. Further studies are underway at the present time.

(top)
CASE HISTORIES ON THE TOXICITY OF THIMEROSAL AND OTHER ETHYL MERCURY
RELEASING COMPOUNDS:

A recent review covers much of the case history literature on the little
that is known about ethyl mercury toxicity (L. Magos Review on the Toxicity
of Ethyl mercury Including it.s Presence as a Preservative in Biological and
Pharmaceutical Products, J. Applied Toxicology 21. 1 5, 2001). The
conclusions reached by the author of this review is that "ethyl mercury may
present a risk when blood mercury concentrations approaches or exceeds 1.0
microgram per ml and severe intoxication occurs when blood mercury
concentration approaches or exceeds 2 micrograms per ml." In the context of
the literature reviewed the conclusions by Dr. Magos seems reasonable.
However, this conclusion was based primarily on ethyl mercury and
methylmercury exposures from occupational exposures, dietary intake,
externally applied tinctures along with vaccination data on adults. It
should be noted that in considering deceased patients the one infant had a
blood mercury (from an externally applied tincture) that was measured at
1.34 micrograms per ml, a young boy had a blood mercury of 5 micrograms per
ml (from eating pork from a pig feed ethyl mercury) and adults had 15
micrograms per ml (from eating bread made with seed treated with a compound
that generated ethyl mercury). Without the needed extensive data to make a
conclusion, it appears as if the younger the patient the more deadly or
toxic the ethyl mercury is at a lower concentration. This is further
supported by the other (Kostial, K., et al. Influence of Age on Metal
Metabolism and Toxicity, Environmental Health Perspectives, v25, 81 86,
1978) who state "results obtained in sucklings show a very high intestinal
absorption of all metals which is partly attributed to milk diet; a higher
whole body retention, higher blood levels and a much higher accumulation in
the brain". Certainly, no conclusion of sate levels of exposure to ethyl
mercury on infants could be made from the data reviewed by Dr. Magos.

The exposures reviewed were from different delivery modalities and there is
a considerable difference in the toxicity of many materials when oral intake
is compared to injections via the vaccine route. Total mercury in the blood
stream does not distinguish between bound mercury (e.g. that coupled with
glutathione and being removed from the body) and unreacted mercury (that
available to cause further damage). Ratios of bound and free ethyl mercury
are likely to be different if ethyl mercury is eaten or inhaled versus
injected, bypassing the protective systems available in the intestines. It
was also pointed out in the review that the blood/urine ratios varied from
3.4 to 18 indicating that urine mercury levels are inferior for monitoring
ethyl mercury exposures. However, since ethyl mercury should partition
between blood and urine at a consistent ratio this data could also be
interpreted to indicate that the mercury in some of these patients is coming
from more than just ethyl mercury (e.g. dental amalgams that are the major
source of human mercury body burden). In a report on mercury levels in
squirrel monkeys treated intranasally with thimerosal (Blair, A., Clark, B.,
Clarke, A and Wood, P., Tissue Concentrations of f Mercury After Chronic
Dosing of Squirrel Monkeys with Thimerosal Toxicology, v3, 171176, 1975) it
was shown that exposure to 0.002% thimerosal daily for 6 months, with a
total of 2,280 ,ug given, lead to a 174/29 or about 6.0 ratio of mercury in
the brain/blood ratio indicating that thimerosal leads to a more rapid build
up of brain versus blood mercury. However, it was pointed out that the
highest brain total (250ng/g) was still below the 3 9 ug/g where
neurological symptoms appear, but this later value would depend on the
oxidative stress of the patient and could be much lower.

The review states that "ethyl mercury in medicinal preparations declines
with time" and gave examples of 38%, 64% and 85% decreases in ethyl mercury
in plasma and immunoglobin G samples. This mercury did not disappear and the
loss of ethyl mercury has to be due to ethyl mercury reacting covalently
with the protein thiols in the medicinal preparations. In aged medicinal
preparations, increased ethyl mercury reaction with protein thiols in the
preparations would likely change the neurotoxity effects of the resulting
mercury complexes compared to pure ethyl mercury How this pre reacted ethyl
mercury would contribute to blood levels of mercury appears unknown, but it
is likely to be quite different from pure ethyl mercury However, what is
known is that ethyl mercury retains its severe toxicity after prolonged
exposure in living animals. This is supported by a case mentioned in the
Magos review where ethyl mercury obtained by "consumption of meat from a pig
fed with ethyl mercury" caused severe damage to adults and killed two young
boys. It seems as if ethyl mercury can retain its severe toxicity after a
period of incubation time in a living pig, butchering and storage of meat,
followed by cooking. Then the concept that the faster decomposition of ethyl
mercury, relative to methylmercury, decreases its toxicity compared to
methylmercury seems to be such a small difference as to be insignificant.
What is solidly observed is that ethyl mercury (and other organic
mercurials) can withstand considerable exposure to a living system, storage
in a biological environment, exposure to high heat in the presence of muscle
tissue, and still produce a lethal toxicity when taken orally.

In a 1972 a (National Geographic Quicksilver and Slow Death, vl 42, #4,
507527, 1972) a similar report was presented where the pig was fed seed
coated with Panogen, a methylmercury pesticide. The family ate the pig as
above and the four children suffered severe neurological damage. But, in
contrast to the ethyl mercury poisoning above, they all lived. One of the
children was in utero during the consumption of the pork, suffered the most
and was born blind and mentally retarded. Again, this supports the concept
that the younger the human the more detrimental the toxic effect the organic
mercury compounds will have.

It appears certain that much of the blood level mercury in these patients
presented in the Magos review could be from sources other than pure ethyl
mercury In my opinion, I do not believe that a safe level of ethyl mercury
can be arrived at by only comparing blood levels of mercury if we do not
know the chemical nature of all of the contributing mercury sources, the
initial source of the mercury or if the presence of other compounds were
involved (e.g. antibiotics that bind heavy metals such as tetracycline and
enhance thimerosal toxicity:see below in Synergistic Toxicity).

It is of major concern that ethyl mercury from thimerosal in vaccines is a
special situation. It is injected with millimolar levels of aluminum and it
is probable that thimerosal, a negatively charged molecule, has formed a
salt compound with the positively charged aluminum cation that would change
its partitioning, breakdown rate, and may have a synergistic effect on the
toxicity of any mercuric ion produced from the ethyl mercury Aluminum is a
known neurotoxin and to be causally involved in macrophagic myofasciitis.
The enhanced toxicity of ethyl mercury in the presence of other toxic agents
is to be expected. Few of the clinical cases included in the Magos review
were from vaccine but the one that was discussed problems which occurred in
a 44 year old adult with a blood mercury of 0.104 ,ug per ml, so low that
Dr. Magos called the diagnosis "unconvincing". Perhaps co administration of
thimerosal with aluminum in the Hepatitis B vaccine represents the "other
aetiological factors than ethyl mercury" that might have been responsible
for his mercury like induced symptoms at such low concentrations. The
authors of the report on this patient state "this patient had evidence of
previous environmental exposure to mercury" and this data can imply that
thimerosal is more toxic in patients previously exposed to materials that
sensitize them.

(Top)
DR. MAGOS REPORT TO THE IOM, SUMMER 2001:

Dr. Magos makes several statements that reasonable individuals with
scientific experience could disagree about. First, "The consequence of
faster decomposition is that, compared with methylmercury. The neurotoxic
potential of ethyl mercury declines faster.?' This requires the assumption
that ethyl mercury breaks down to Hg2+ as a toxic factor. What if the
breakdown product was a conjugate of cysteine known to enhance the toxicity
of mercuric ion? What if the breakdown was caused by reactive oxygen species
generated in response to an infection? It is known that ethyl mercury breaks
down 10 times faster in the presence of reactive oxygen species (Suda, 1,
and Takahashi, [l., Degradation of methyl and ethyl mercury into inorganic
mercury by other reactive oxygen species besides hydroxyl radical. Arch.
Toxicol. 66, 34 39, 1992) making the production of toxic Hg2+ occur more
rapidly at sites of high level of reactive oxygen, and in the body this
would be at sites of infection or inflammation or within mitochondria, the
important energy producing organelle. In my opinion, the enhanced chemical
ability to breakdown ethyl mercury versus methyl mercury at sites of
reactive oxygen production (usually sites of oxidative stress) makes ethyl
mercury a much more dangerous compound than methylmercury as it attacks
chemically at a site of infectious damage.

In section 2.b.a Dr. Magos quotes his research as showing that methylmercury
treated rats had 1.55 (males) and 2.4 (females) the mercury in their brains
as did ethyl mercury treated rats. In addition, the ethyl mercury treated
rats had 3.4 fold more inorganic mercury in their brains. He states that
this "excludes the possibility that the cleavage itself or the formed
inorganic mercury is responsible for the brain damage. If this were the
case, the brain ethyl mercury treated rats would be more affected than the
brain of methylmercury treated rats (which didn't occur by his analysis)."
The problem with this conclusion is that Dr. Magos expects the damage caused
by methylmercury to be the same as that caused by a combination of ethyl
mercury and 3.4 fold extra Hg2+. This is not likely as methyl and ethyl
mercury would partition into the hydrophobic areas of the brain whereas Hg2+
would most likely react in the hydrophilic aspect of the brain. The
inhibition of specific brain enzymes by thimerosal (ethyl mercury) compared
to Hg2+ are markedly different.

SYNERGISTIC TOXICITY WITH THIMEROSAL:

Since about 1989 my laboratory has been actively involved in research
regarding the toxic effects of elemental mercury and the relationship of
this toxicity to neurological diseases, primarily Alzheimer's disease. One
fact that has become extremely obvious to me during this past 11 years is
that it is impossible to determine the exact toxic level of mercury or
mercury containing compounds that is safe for all humans. There are several
reasons why mercury should not be considered safe for humans at the
measurable levels currently reported as ' safe" by current government
monitoring agencies. One of these is the obvious effects of other metals on
increasing the toxicity of identical levels of mercury. An example is that
of zinc ion, an essential metal for normal cell function. Yet, in the
presence of mercuric ion, the addition of zinc enhances the toxicity level
significantly (see Figure 4). Cadmium and lead are even more potent at
enhancing the toxicity of mercuric ion. This concept of synergistic toxicity
of mercury with other metals is supported by prior research that
demonstrated that a mixture of mercury and lead at LD I levels of each metal
produced a mixture with an LD 100 effect, at least 50 times the additive
effect minimally expected (Schubert, J., Riley, E.J. and Tyler, S.A.,
Combined Effects in Toxicology-A Rapid Systematic Testing Procedu
Cadmium, Mercury and Lead. J. of Toxicology and Environmental Health, 4: 763
776, 19 8).

The synergistic effects of different compounds with thimerosal are not all
known but some do exist. For example, the commonly used antibiotic,
tetracycline, is known to enhance thimerosal toxicity. Crook and Freeman,
Reactions Ind'~ced by the Concurrent Use of Thimerosal and Tetracycline,
American J. of Optometry & Physiological Optics v60,#9, pp759761 1983,
reported that the use of tetracycline in humans induced and increased the
irritation and inflammation of the ocular tissues caused by thimerosal.
These results were confirmed in studies using rabbits. Therefore, it is
obvious that concurrent treatment of infants with other drugs and/or
antibiotics has the possibility to enhance the toxic effects of thimerosal
exposures. Further, it was postulated that the synergistic effects of
tetracycline was due to the metal binding properties of this antibiotic that
may have delivered the toxic metal more effectively to the site(s) inducing
enhanced toxicity. This data clearly demonstrates that there is no know
level of safety for the use of thimerosal, especially in infants being
treated with other medicinals that would enhance the toxicity of the ethyl
mercury released such as occurred with tetracycline (a commonly used
antibiotic).

Since each human would likely have a level of toxicity from other mercury
and non mercury containing sources it would be impossible to determine the
exact level of mercury that would induce observable toxicity in each human.
Many environmental toxicants could work synergistically with ethyl mercury
rendering the ethyl mercury much more toxic than it would be in the absence
of these other toxicants (e.g., elemental mercury from dental amalgams,
cadmium from smoking, lead from paint and drinking water, aluminum, etc.).
Humans are not rats in a pristine cage, eating rat chow carefully prepared
to eliminate any toxicants. Humans smoke, drink alcohol, have numerous
mercury emitting amalgam fillings, eat questionable food, and drink water
known to contain other toxicants. Finally, it is impossible to state the
toxic effect of any injection of thimerosal unless one knows the toxic
exposure of the individual to other heavy metals or other environmental
toxicants.

(Top)
THE EFFECTS OF AGE AND HEALTH ON THIMEROSAL TOXICITY:

The detrimental effect of any specific level of mercury or mercury
containing compound would have on any one individual's metabolic system
would be directly proportional to both the level of' protective big
compounds" (e.g., glutathione, metallothioine) that exist within that person
on the time of exposure and, the ability to physiologically clear such
toxicants from the body. The level of the protective compounds would
certainly be directly dependent on two factors, age and health. Infants,
with their immature physiology and metabolism would not be expected to
handle mercury as efficiently as mature adults. The elderly have been shown
to have decreased "protective" glutathione levels compared to middle aged
and young adults. Melatonin, a hormone, is known to be decreased in the aged
and melatonin is known to increase the neuron and cellular concentration of
glutathione. Glutathione is the natural compound that binds mercuric ion and
aids in its removal from the body. This explains partly why the aged are
also more susceptible to oxidative toxicants such as mercury.

The elderly also have weakened immune systems and are more susceptible to
microbial infections are known to lower their chemical energy levels and,
further, to reduce their ability to synthesize the proteins that protect
them from heavy metals. Infants have their own weaknesses regarding toxic
exposures. Infants do not make much bile in their early months of life and
are less able to remove mercury through bilary transport the major route for
mercury removal. They also do not have a fully developed renal system that
would remove other heavy metals (e.g. aluminum! as effectively as adults.
The age factor must always be considered for response to heavy metal
exposure as well as spurious microbial infections.

THE EFFECTS OF GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY ON MERCURY TOXICITY:

Genetically susceptibility is of critical importance. For example, other
researchers have shown that genetic carriers of the brain protein APO E2 are
protected against Alzheimer's disease (AD) whereas genetic carriers of the
APO E4 genotype are at enhanced risk factor for developing AD. APO E
proteins are synthesized in the brain with the assigned physiological task
of carrying waste material from the brain to the cerebrospinal fluid, across
the blood brain barrier into the plasma where the material is cleared by the
liver. The biochemical difference between APO E2 and APO E4 is that APO E2
has two additional thiol groups, capable of binding and removing mercury
(and ethyl mercury) that APO E4 does not have. The second highest
concentration of APO E proteins is in the cerebrospinal fluid. Therefore, it
is my opinion that the protective effects of APO E2 is due to its ability to
protect the brain from exposure to oxidants like mercury and ethyl mercury
by binding these toxicants in the cerebrospinal fluid and keeping them from
entering the brain. I strongly object to labeling those "genetically
susceptible" as "having a genetic disease" because they are the first
injured on exposure to modern toxicants. Humans did not evolve breathing
mercury vapor or having organic mercury compounds injected in them as
infants.

SIMILARITY TO ACRODYNIA:

The argument that the thimerosal containing vaccines could not deliver the
amount of mercury to cause a systemic illness is somewhat refuted by the
history of the disease classified as acrodynia. Perhaps autism will end up
like acrodynia, where the removal of the causative material (i.e. the
mercury containing teething powders) lead to cessation of the disease and
the identification of the cause. Due to the perceived low levels of mercury
in the teething powders and the wide spread use of mercury in medicine at
that time it was 10 years after the removal of the mercury containing
teething powders before medicine acknowledged that mercury exposure was the
causal factor. It is significant to notice that many of the symptoms of
acrodynia are similar to the clinical symptoms of children identified today
as autistic, with attention deficit disorder, etc. that have no family
history of such diseases or illness classifications.

SUMMARY:

It is the inability to see the effects of chronic, low level toxicities on
human health that has been, and remains, our greatest failing as intelligent
beings. For example, within the past year two publications in refereed
scientific journals have emerged from major foreign research universities
demonstrating that mercury can induce the formation of three major
pathological diagnostic hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. The production of
these diagnostic hallmarks occurred at non lethal concentrations near or
below the levels of mercury reportedly found in most human brains. First,
mercury has been shown to induce an increase in amyloid protein secretion
(the component of amyloid plaques) and to increase the phosphorylation of a
protein called Tau {see Oliveri et al., J. of Neurochemistry, V 74, p231,
2000}, and to produce neurofibillary tangles {Leon" et al., NeuroReports
V12(4), 733, 2001 }. All of this was done with neurons in culture and
represent observations found and considered diagnostic of Alzheimer's
disease. Further, in a very recent article by Dr. Ashley Bush in the journal
Neuron it is implied that Alzheimer's disease may be caused by heavy metal
buildup. This article focused on removal of zinc and copper by chelation
decreasing amyloid plaque formation in rats mercury was not studied.
However, these metals, along with silver, are the components of dental
amalgams. This work is in agreement with data published earlier from my
laboratory in refereed articles and summarized in one single article
{Pendergrass and Haley, Metal Ions in Biological Systems V34, Chspter 16,
Mercury and Its Effects on Environment and Biology, Siegel and Sigel EDS.,
Marcel Dekker, Inc. I 996}. This data basically demonstrated that addition
of very low amounts of mercury to normal human brain homogenates inhibited
critical thiol sensitive enzymes (creatine kinase, glutamine synthetase and
tubulin) that are also dramatically inhibited in Alzheimer's diseased brain.
Research in our laboratory clearly demonstrates that thimerosal rapidly
inhibits these enzymes as well as several other metabolically important
enzymes.

Further, data presented in Aschner et al. in Methylmercury Alters Glutamate
Transport in Astrocvtes Neurochemistry International, v37, #2 3, pp 199 206,
2000 indicate that organic mercury compounds dysregulate excitatory amino
acid homeostasis and may cause glutamate mediated excitotoxic mechanisms to
be involved on exposures that cause neuron death or injury. Glutamate
toxicity is one hypothesis proposed to explain the slow deterioration of AD
as it was reported that the enzyme, glutamine synthetase, that removes toxic
glutamate was elevated in AD cerebral spinal fluid (D. Gunnersen and B.
Haley, PNAS, USA, v89, 11949, 1992) and inhibited in AD brain (Butterfield
et al., J. Neurochemistry, v68, 2451, 1997). Glutamine synthetase is rapidly
inhibited by the divalent mercuric ion as it has two divalent metal ion
(manganese) binding sites required for activity. It is obvious that ethyl
mercury from thimerosal would have the same effect on glutamine synthetase
as mercury and methyl mercury and impair nervous system glutamate
metabolism. Consistent with this concept is the reported ability of
astrocytes (the brain cells that contain glutamine synthetase that converts
toxic glutamate to non toxic glutamine) to preferentially concentrate brain
organic mercury (Ashner, Astrocytes as Modulators of Mercury lnduced
Neurotoxicity Neurotoxicology vl 7, #3 4, pp663 669 1996). The straight
forward conclusion is that any exposure to mercury or mercury containing
compounds (e.g. thimerosal) would exacerbate any medical condition affected
by the inability to metabolize glutamate.

The chemical rationale for the neurotoxicity of thimerosal is that this
compound would release ethyl mercury as one of its breakdown products. Ethyl
mercury is a well known neurotoxin. Further, combining thimerosal with the
millimolar levels of aluminum cation plus significant levels of
formaldehyde, also found in these vaccines, would make the vaccine mixture
of even greater risk as a neurotoxic solution. The synergistic effects of
mercury toxicity with other heavy metal toxicities (Pb, Cd, Zn) has been
established in the literature for many years. Further, using this vaccine
mixture on infants who are ill and do not have fully developed bilary
(liver) and renal (kidney) systems could greatly increase the toxic effects
compared to that observed in healthy adults.

The toxic effects of exposure to thimerosal to adults and infants and always
been reported to have dire consequences, including death. Similar exposures,
even at lower level, in infants should have more severe consequences
compared to those observed in adults made toxic by exposure to similar ethyl
mercury containing compounds. Mercury is primarily removed through the
bilary system and aluminum is removed by the renal system. Inability to rid
the body of these toxicants would greatly increase the damage they are
capable of doing.

While one can understand the necessity of using an anti microbial
"preservative" in vaccines to prevent contamination it represents poor
judgment to use a "preservative" that breaks down into a well known
neurotoxin when safer "preservatives" were available. Further, it has come
to my attention through several parents that a significant number of
physicians encourage mothers to have their infants receive multiple
vaccinations during one visit. In one report a 13 pound baby was given 4
vaccinations. This would result in the equivalent of a 130 pound adult
receiving 40 vaccinations in one day. This is quite unreasonable in my
opinion, but appears to happen with a great deal of regularity in practice.
Physicians do this as they are not warned of the possible consequences and
are regularly informed by vaccine providers that the vaccines are totally
safe. No steps were taken to recommend against this procedure.

It is very difficult to prove that mercury or organic mercury compounds
cause any specific disease that is identified by its related symptoms. This
is due to the fact that mercury toxicity from various types of mercury
containing materials may be considerably different and the genetic
susceptibility and age of the victim would alter the response. This
difficulty is further compounded due to the high numbers of confounding
factors presented in the current human environment. However, since infants
get autism and related disorders, and many of our aged are afflicted with
AD, we know that they have crossed the thin red line into the neurologically
diseased state. There can be no doubt that the purposeful use of mercury in
medicine and dentistry, especially if it was prolonged and excessive, would
significantly contribute to the onset of their disease. In my opinion, this
is especially true in the case of the injection of thimerosal via vaccines
in day old infants and toddlers.

FIGURE 1: COMPARISON OF THE VIABILITY OF BRAIN TUBULIN IN CONTROL (NON
DEMENTED) VERSUS AI ZI IEIMER'S DISEASED BRAIN.

FIGURE 2: A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF MERCURIC ION ADDITION ON CONTROL
(NON DEMENTED) AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASED BRAIN.

FIGURE 3: A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF THIMEROSAL ADDITION ON CONTROL (NON
DEMENTED) AND Al ZHEIMER'S DISEASED BRAIN.

Please refer to Dr. Haley's website for more mercury/thimerosal/vaccine
information http://www.altcorp.com/DentalInformation/thimerosal.htm

http://iquebec.ifrance.com/autismemt...rogram_en.html

"Mark Probert" wrote in message
...
LadyLollipop wrote:
"Mark Probert" wrote in message
...

Combination vaccines safe for children

SHOTS DO NOT OVERWHELM IMMUNE SYSTEM, STUDY SAYS


Surprise! Surprise!

*organized medicine*

ZZzz.

Mercury News Wire Services

More good information:

PEDIATRICS Vol. 109 No. 1 January 2002, pp. 124-129

Surprise! Surprise!

*Organized medicine*

snip

LadyLollipop wrote:
"Mark Probert" wrote in message
...

Jeff wrote:

"LadyLollipop" wrote in message
news:8SvLe.246907$x96.213202@attbi_s72...


"Mark Probert" wrote in message
...


Combination vaccines safe for children

SHOTS DO NOT OVERWHELM IMMUNE SYSTEM, STUDY SAYS

Surprise! Surprise!

*organized medicine*

ZZzz.


Actually, it is science.


Actually it's *organized medicine*

No, it is science, like Jeff said. The study was performed outside the
US by sceintific researchers and published in a highly respected (by
intelligent people) medical journal.

I ignored Jeff, the first time, for obvious reasons.

Yes, the obvious reason being that you reject the idea out of hand and
wil lnot consider that you could be wrong. That is nothing new, as you
are the epitome of a closeminded bigot, assuming that you have a mind.



snip

David Wright wrote:
In article ,
Mark Probert wrote:

LadyLollipop wrote:

"Mark Probert" wrote in message
...


Combination vaccines safe for children

SHOTS DO NOT OVERWHELM IMMUNE SYSTEM, STUDY SAYS

Surprise! Surprise!

*organized medicine*

ZZzz.


Mercury News Wire Services


snip

Organized medicine? The study was done in Denmark.


Mark, surely you didn't think Jan would ever accept an article
distributed by the *Mercury* News Wire Service? rim shot

Ouch.

LadyLollipop wrote:
"Mark Probert" wrote in message
...

LadyLollipop wrote:

"Mark Probert" wrote in message
...


Combination vaccines safe for children

SHOTS DO NOT OVERWHELM IMMUNE SYSTEM, STUDY SAYS


Surprise! Surprise!

*organized medicine*

ZZzz.


Mercury News Wire Services



snip

Organized medicine? The study was done in Denmark. The report was
published here in the United States, after peer review.


Peer review by *organized medicine*

Surprise! Surprise!

snip

http://www.iom.edu/IOM/IOMHome.nsf/P...Autism+Summary


Though the MMR-autism question might
***appear to be resolved,***

This thread is not about thimerosal, but a newborn's immune system to
handle multiple vaccines.

Please make an effort to stay on topic.

LadyLollipop wrote:
"Mark Probert" wrote in message
...

LadyLollipop wrote:

"Mark Probert" wrote in message
...


Combination vaccines safe for children

SHOTS DO NOT OVERWHELM IMMUNE SYSTEM, STUDY SAYS


Surprise! Surprise!

*organized medicine*

ZZzz.


Mercury News Wire Services

More good information:

PEDIATRICS Vol. 109 No. 1 January 2002, pp. 124-129


Surprise! Surprise!

*Organized medicine*

Let's see...there is a 2002 report and a 2005 report both saying the
same thing, i.e. a baby can handle multiple vaccinations without adverse
effects. One of the hallmarks of *scientific investigation* is
replication of results. When results cannot be replicated, then science
questions the findings. Good examples of this are Wakefield wrt the MMR
and cold fusion. Of course, you will snip this or claim it is not
relevant. You will do that because you are afraid of the truth.

The snippets of a lengthy report restored:

More good information:

PEDIATRICS Vol. 109 No. 1 January 2002, pp. 124-129

"Do Vaccines Increase the Risk of Other Infections?

Vaccines may cause temporary suppression of delayed-type
hypersensitivity skin reactions or alter certain lymphocyte function
tests in vitro.51–57 However, the short-lived immunosuppression caused
by certain vaccines does not result in an increased risk of infections
with other pathogens soon after vaccination. Vaccinated children are not
at greater risk of subsequent infections with other pathogens than
unvaccinated children.58–60 On the contrary, in Germany, a study of 496
vaccinated and unvaccinated children found that children who received
immunizations against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, Hib, and polio
within the first 3 months of life had fewer infections with
vaccine-related and -unrelated pathogens than the nonvaccinated group.61

Bacterial and viral infections, on the other hand, often predispose
children and adults to severe, invasive infections with other pathogens.
For example, patients with pneumococcal pneumonia are more likely to
have had a recent influenza infection than matched controls. Similarly,
varicella infection increases susceptibility to group A ß-hemolytic
streptococcal infections such as necrotizing fasciitis, toxic shock
syndrome, and bacteremia.63"


SUMMARY

"Current studies do not support the hypothesis that multiple vaccines
overwhelm, weaken, or "use up" the immune system. On the contrary, young
infants have an enormous capacity to respond to multiple vaccines, as
well as to the many other challenges present in the environment. By
providing protection against a number of bacterial and viral pathogens,
vaccines prevent the "weakening" of the immune system and consequent
secondary bacterial infections occasionally caused by natural infection."

LadyLollipop wrote:
"Peter Bowditch" wrote in message
...

Mark Probert wrote:


snip

Another controversy that surrounds childhood vaccinations focuses on a
mercury-containing preservative, called thimerosal, that had been used
in some vaccines. Some researchers and parents suspect it may increase
the risk for autism, but a number of public-health organizations have
examined the issue and found no link between vaccines and an increased
risk for autism.

--
Peter Bowditch


A number from *organized medicine*

For the *truth* look look elsewhere.

http://www.vran.org/vaccines/mercury/mer_haley.htm

Affidavit Of Boyd E. Haley. Professor And Chair. Department Of Chemistry.
University Of Kentucky

Thimerosal Containing Vaccines and Neurodevelopment Outcomes

this has nothing to do with thimerosal. Firstly, the reports (2002 and
2005) deal with the immune system response to multiple vaccines, not
thimerosal, and secondly, THIMEROSAL HAS BEEN REMOVED FROM ALL STANDARD
PEDIATRIC VACCINES so that a child can get them all without your fear
mongers whining.

Of course, you will not understand this, as it refutes one of your
firmly held beliefs, thus demonstrating that you are closedminded
(assuming that you have a mind to close).

In article ,
Mark Probert wrote:
David Wright wrote:
In article ,
Mark Probert wrote:

LadyLollipop wrote:

"Mark Probert" wrote in message
...

Combination vaccines safe for children

SHOTS DO NOT OVERWHELM IMMUNE SYSTEM, STUDY SAYS

Surprise! Surprise!

*organized medicine*

ZZzz.


Mercury News Wire Services


snip

Organized medicine? The study was done in Denmark.

Mark, surely you didn't think Jan would ever accept an article
distributed by the *Mercury* News Wire Service? rim shot

Ouch.

Oh, you're just upset because you didn't say it first.

-- David Wright :: alphabeta at prodigy.net
These are my opinions only, but they're almost always correct.
"I believe that sex is one of the most beautiful, wholesome and
natural things that money can buy."
-- Steve Martin

"David Wright" wrote in message

snip
In article ,
Mark Probert wrote:

snip
David Wright wrote:

snip

Mark Probert wrote:

snip

"Mark Probert" wrote in message

snip


-- David Wright

When you start whining about personalities,don't be surprised that it
generates comments about your own. David Wright