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Rethinking the AAP Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Guildlines
http://www.healthsentinel.com/news.p...st_item&id=326
Lydia Furman, MD and Brian W. Berman, MD, "Rethinking the AAP Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Guildlines", Clinical Pediatrics, October 17, 2004, The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Guidelines for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity (AD/HD) are now several years old and have garnered widespread acceptance. We urge our colleagues, however, to reexamine and review the existing evidence critically, rather than accept this approach at face value. The practice of medicine can only benefit from open-minded rethinking of conventional treatments. First, we are concerned about oversimplification. Do all children with any school or behavioral problem likely have AD/HD? Can a medically trained pediatrician "rule out" childhood depression, neurotic and anxiety disorders, learning disabilities, mental retardation, family dysfunction, remote or recent physical or sexual abuse, and inadequate educational environment (in 3 office visits or less)? Does the "serendipitous discovery 60 years ago that dl-amphetamine reduces disruptive symptoms of hyperkinetic children" make stimulants the best treatment for all overactive 6-12-year-old boys with school problems (and preschoolers and adolescents)? We believe that the guildlines vastly oversimplify and trivialize answer to important questions parents may raise about their child, and ask primary care pediatricians to conduct evaluations of mental health and educational ability that are outside the scope of their expertise and training. There are no data that primary care pediatricians can do this successfully. The AAP guildlines clearly state that there is no identification etiology for AD/HD and that neither brain imaging, electroencephalography, "continuous performance tests," nor any blood test can distinguish children with or without AD/HD. In fact, "no pathognonomic findings currently establish the diagnosis," and decisions regarding diagnosis "depend on subjective judgments of observers/reporters." Perhaps, then we should conclude that AD/HD is actually not a specific condition or illness or "neurobehavioral disorder." One might reasonably conclude that the "core symptoms" of AD/HD, i.e., inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity, are just that – symptoms. Every child with a symptom or problem deserves an appropriate and full evaluation. In this case an evaluation may need to include a full educational evaluation and a psychological or psychiatric evaluation by qualified professionals. The constraints of time, resources, and money are considerable, but these should not present an insurmountable barrier to an thoughtful approach to each individual child, which is what our training demands of us. Reducing diagnostic certainty to a behavioral checklist, as we have done for AD/HD, is a leap of faith rather than a scientific plan. Hinging treatment with a schedule II medication solely on potentially overinclusive and at least subjective reports from parents and teachers skips an important step the child and family deserve: an evaluation. Others have considered the possibility that the symptom complex of "inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness" represents maturational lag, differences in temperament, or rigid or age-inappropriate parental or societal expectations. The extraordinary discrepancy in the number of children with AD/HD in different regions of the United States suggests the last possibility may be correct. Some physicians (and teachers) are convinced that "I know it" [AD/HD] when I see it." But the question is know what? A symptom is not a diagnosis, and symptoms demand confirmatory testing in every other area of medicine. Is response to stimulant medication a confirmatory test? It has been well shown that stimulant medications affect both normal and hyperkinetic children similarly. Note that suppression of a behavior is not necessarily treatment of an underlying cause of the behavior. As an analogy, imagine a 9-year-old boy presents to your office with a complaint of daily cough for several months. You would examine the child and ask: (1) Does the cough interfere with school? (2) Does the cough interfere with sleep? (3) Does the cough seem harsh at times?, and so on. If the answer to 6 of 8 questions are "yes", you would inform the parents that their son likely has excessive cough disorder (ECD) and needs to be treated with a Schedule II cough suppressant (i.e. codeine). The medication, you inform the parents, has been documented to be effective up to 14 months, is better than behavior therapy, and has manageable side effects. In this unlikely scenario, you would not consider an underlying diagnosis of sinusitis, reactive airway disease, tic, or even cystic fibrosis or immune deficiency. Of course, this scenario is more hyperbole that analogy, but the similarity to diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of AD/HD is worrisome. There is currently thought about extending the diagnosis of AD/HD to toddlers and preschoolers, even though the DSM-IV criteria do not apply to this age group. Recent articles address the trend toward giving stimulants to younger and younger children. One early childhood specialist working in a public school setting notes that fully half of the preschoolers in her and five other centers' experience AD/HD were "found to be living in families with serious adult problems" (domestic violence, maternal depression, sexual abuse, terminal illness in a parent). She in collaboration with colleagues, identifies several worrisome trends for under-fives, including (1) "multiple caregivers and interruptions in care during the first 30 months of life," (2) "limited understanding of "developmental appropriateness" by parents and caregivers," and (3) "failure to foster self-soothing, adaptive mastery, and the ability to delay gratification in mainstream child-rearing." There is evidence that "experimental factors" in the first 4 years may play a role in the pathogenesis of difficulty sustaining attention and learning. The hypothesis, though fraught with confounders, bears investigation. We agree with the AAP guidelines that more that more research into the etiology of the symptom complex of AD/HD is crucial. But rather than another (pharmaceutical company-funded) medication trial, we need prospective longitudinal studies that begin in infancy and toddlerhood and that are conducted by professionals knowledgeable about child development who are not funded by the drug industry. In summary, we urge primary care pediatricians not to bow to pressure from schools, from the pharmaceutical industry, or even from parents, to conveniently label children and medicate them without evaluation that truly addresses the origin of their symptoms. We must avoid the desire for a "quick fix." |
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All children identified as suffering from AD/HD should be referred to
appropriate specialist for confirmation of diagnosis and proper treatment. "Roman Bystrianyk" wrote in message m... http://www.healthsentinel.com/news.p...st_item&id=326 Lydia Furman, MD and Brian W. Berman, MD, "Rethinking the AAP Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Guildlines", Clinical Pediatrics, October 17, 2004, The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Guidelines for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity (AD/HD) are now several years old and have garnered widespread acceptance. We urge our colleagues, however, to reexamine and review the existing evidence critically, rather than accept this approach at face value. The practice of medicine can only benefit from open-minded rethinking of conventional treatments. First, we are concerned about oversimplification. Do all children with any school or behavioral problem likely have AD/HD? Can a medically trained pediatrician "rule out" childhood depression, neurotic and anxiety disorders, learning disabilities, mental retardation, family dysfunction, remote or recent physical or sexual abuse, and inadequate educational environment (in 3 office visits or less)? Does the "serendipitous discovery 60 years ago that dl-amphetamine reduces disruptive symptoms of hyperkinetic children" make stimulants the best treatment for all overactive 6-12-year-old boys with school problems (and preschoolers and adolescents)? We believe that the guildlines vastly oversimplify and trivialize answer to important questions parents may raise about their child, and ask primary care pediatricians to conduct evaluations of mental health and educational ability that are outside the scope of their expertise and training. There are no data that primary care pediatricians can do this successfully. The AAP guildlines clearly state that there is no identification etiology for AD/HD and that neither brain imaging, electroencephalography, "continuous performance tests," nor any blood test can distinguish children with or without AD/HD. In fact, "no pathognonomic findings currently establish the diagnosis," and decisions regarding diagnosis "depend on subjective judgments of observers/reporters." Perhaps, then we should conclude that AD/HD is actually not a specific condition or illness or "neurobehavioral disorder." One might reasonably conclude that the "core symptoms" of AD/HD, i.e., inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity, are just that - symptoms. Every child with a symptom or problem deserves an appropriate and full evaluation. In this case an evaluation may need to include a full educational evaluation and a psychological or psychiatric evaluation by qualified professionals. The constraints of time, resources, and money are considerable, but these should not present an insurmountable barrier to an thoughtful approach to each individual child, which is what our training demands of us. Reducing diagnostic certainty to a behavioral checklist, as we have done for AD/HD, is a leap of faith rather than a scientific plan. Hinging treatment with a schedule II medication solely on potentially overinclusive and at least subjective reports from parents and teachers skips an important step the child and family deserve: an evaluation. Others have considered the possibility that the symptom complex of "inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness" represents maturational lag, differences in temperament, or rigid or age-inappropriate parental or societal expectations. The extraordinary discrepancy in the number of children with AD/HD in different regions of the United States suggests the last possibility may be correct. Some physicians (and teachers) are convinced that "I know it" [AD/HD] when I see it." But the question is know what? A symptom is not a diagnosis, and symptoms demand confirmatory testing in every other area of medicine. Is response to stimulant medication a confirmatory test? It has been well shown that stimulant medications affect both normal and hyperkinetic children similarly. Note that suppression of a behavior is not necessarily treatment of an underlying cause of the behavior. As an analogy, imagine a 9-year-old boy presents to your office with a complaint of daily cough for several months. You would examine the child and ask: (1) Does the cough interfere with school? (2) Does the cough interfere with sleep? (3) Does the cough seem harsh at times?, and so on. If the answer to 6 of 8 questions are "yes", you would inform the parents that their son likely has excessive cough disorder (ECD) and needs to be treated with a Schedule II cough suppressant (i.e. codeine). The medication, you inform the parents, has been documented to be effective up to 14 months, is better than behavior therapy, and has manageable side effects. In this unlikely scenario, you would not consider an underlying diagnosis of sinusitis, reactive airway disease, tic, or even cystic fibrosis or immune deficiency. Of course, this scenario is more hyperbole that analogy, but the similarity to diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of AD/HD is worrisome. There is currently thought about extending the diagnosis of AD/HD to toddlers and preschoolers, even though the DSM-IV criteria do not apply to this age group. Recent articles address the trend toward giving stimulants to younger and younger children. One early childhood specialist working in a public school setting notes that fully half of the preschoolers in her and five other centers' experience AD/HD were "found to be living in families with serious adult problems" (domestic violence, maternal depression, sexual abuse, terminal illness in a parent). She in collaboration with colleagues, identifies several worrisome trends for under-fives, including (1) "multiple caregivers and interruptions in care during the first 30 months of life," (2) "limited understanding of "developmental appropriateness" by parents and caregivers," and (3) "failure to foster self-soothing, adaptive mastery, and the ability to delay gratification in mainstream child-rearing." There is evidence that "experimental factors" in the first 4 years may play a role in the pathogenesis of difficulty sustaining attention and learning. The hypothesis, though fraught with confounders, bears investigation. We agree with the AAP guidelines that more that more research into the etiology of the symptom complex of AD/HD is crucial. But rather than another (pharmaceutical company-funded) medication trial, we need prospective longitudinal studies that begin in infancy and toddlerhood and that are conducted by professionals knowledgeable about child development who are not funded by the drug industry. In summary, we urge primary care pediatricians not to bow to pressure from schools, from the pharmaceutical industry, or even from parents, to conveniently label children and medicate them without evaluation that truly addresses the origin of their symptoms. We must avoid the desire for a "quick fix." |
#4
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In article ,
(lvlyritameetr) wrote: We live in a society today that unfortunately is under the spell of pharmacuetical companies. Drug companies know that children and seniors are easy prey. Many parents lack the knowledge or don't have the time to do any research regarding ADD or AAP. Teachers are now becoming the so called experts in recognizing children with ADD and recommending that parents take their children to a professional for further evaluation. I am appalled that many parents today are so willing to put their children on these potent drugs with severe side effects including suicidal ideologies. My own son I was told was ADD until I nailed the entire "Child Study Team" with studies from medical journals to prove that this does not exist. Eventually I was told he was just bored in some of his classrooms. When I met the two teachers who decided he had a problem, it is no wonder he was looking out the window and fiddling around with his pencil and paper, I would have been diagnosed myself with attention deficit disorder. BORING! Today every behavior including shyness and blurting out answers is patholigzed and a drug prescribed. Parents need to know that in many schools each child that is labeled with ADD, etc, the school gets extra funding for "special care". That tells me there is a bounty on each childs head. Why not find out what the underlying cause might be,,gee, perhaps I give my child too much sugar,,too much dye in their fruit juices,,too much wheat, too much dairy that can cause brain fog,,food allergies in general can be the culprit in causing behavorial problems and really need to be addressed before parents run to their doctors and put their children on these psychotropic drugs. At a gathering of publishers, editors, writers, artists, & actors, we got onto the subject of ritelin as one of the most popular & most profitable drugs going, & the high percentage of children on these things. The conversation got pretty interesting because just about everyone in the room felt they would probably have been medicated if they were kids today, because their behavior was bored, distracted, & disruptive -- also their play was imaginative, investigatively & intellectually curious, & self-motivated to do stuff teachers & parents didn't arrange. If they'd been drugged-out as kids, probably none of them would be successful in the arts as they are now. -paghat the ratgirl -- "Of what are you afraid, my child?" inquired the kindly teacher. "Oh, sir! The flowers, they are wild," replied the timid creature. -from Peter Newell's "Wild Flowers" Visit the Garden of Paghat the Ratgirl: http://www.paghat.com |
#5
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-- Donna DeVore Metler Orff Music Specialist/Band/Choir Mother to Angel Brian Anthony 1/1/2002, 22 weeks, severe PE/HELLP and "Cuddles", EDD 12/24/04 "lvlyritameetr" wrote in message om... We live in a society today that unfortunately is under the spell of pharmacuetical companies. Drug companies know that children and seniors are easy prey. Many parents lack the knowledge or don't have the time to do any research regarding ADD or AAP. Teachers are now becoming the so called experts in recognizing children with ADD and recommending that parents take their children to a professional for further evaluation. I am appalled that many parents today are so willing to put their children on these potent drugs with severe side effects including suicidal ideologies. My own son I was told was ADD until I nailed the entire "Child Study Team" with studies from medical journals to prove that this does not exist. Eventually I was told he was just bored in some of his classrooms. When I met the two teachers who decided he had a problem, it is no wonder he was looking out the window and fiddling around with his pencil and paper, I would have been diagnosed myself with attention deficit disorder. BORING! Today every behavior including shyness and blurting out answers is patholigzed and a drug prescribed. Parents need to know that in many schools each child that is labeled with ADD, etc, the school gets extra funding for "special care". That tells me there is a bounty on each childs head. Why not find out what the underlying cause might be,,gee, perhaps I give my child too much sugar,,too much dye in their fruit juices,,too much wheat, too much dairy that can cause brain fog,,food allergies in general can be the culprit in causing behavorial problems and really need to be addressed before parents run to their doctors and put their children on these psychotropic drugs. Students with ADD are not covered under IDEA (PL 94-142-the .law governing special education). Rather, modifications for such students fall under the rehabilitation act sec 504 and the ADA (504 plans). While IDEA is funded in a marginal way by the federal government, students on 504 plans are NOT funded under special education, and the school just is expected to make accommodations. ONLY if the child has a disability under IDEA, which requires more than just ADD, does any additional funding become available, and in most cases the funding provided is well under the additional costs for educating that child because students qualified under IDEA effectively have a blank check drawn on the school system for whatever their education costs. It is MUCH cheaper for the schools for a child to remain undiagnosed, whether with ADD/ADHD or anything else, because then there is no legal obligation to provide services beyond those provided to everyone. |
#6
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"lvlyritameetr" wrote in message
om... We live in a society today that unfortunately is under the spell of pharmacuetical companies. Drug companies know that children and seniors are easy prey. Many parents lack the knowledge or don't have the time to do any research regarding ADD or AAP. Teachers are now becoming the so called experts in recognizing children with ADD and recommending that parents take their children to a professional for further evaluation. I am appalled that many parents today are so willing to put their children on these potent drugs with severe side effects including suicidal ideologies. My own son I was told was ADD until I nailed the entire "Child Study Team" with studies from medical journals to prove that this does not exist. Eventually I was told he was just bored in some of his classrooms. When I met the two teachers who decided he had a problem, it is no wonder he was looking out the window and fiddling around with his pencil and paper, I would have been diagnosed myself with attention deficit disorder. BORING! Today every behavior including shyness and blurting out answers is patholigzed and a drug prescribed. Parents need to know that in many schools each child that is labeled with ADD, etc, the school gets extra funding for "special care". That tells me there is a bounty on each childs head. Why not find out what the underlying cause might be,,gee, perhaps I give my child too much sugar,,too much dye in their fruit juices,,too much wheat, too much dairy that can cause brain fog,,food allergies in general can be the culprit in causing behavorial problems and really need to be addressed before parents run to their doctors and put their children on these psychotropic drugs. Well, I'm afraid you can't convince me there's no such thing as ADD. I'm willing to concede that it, and ADHD, are quite probably misdiagnosed with an appalling frequency, but my daughter is definitely ADD. We are just now trying drugs (not Ritalin -- Adderall) for the first time -- she's 12. From age 5, we've tried dietary restrictions with much experimentation, counseling, herbal remedies and even a dabble in homeo-pathic medicine. She is also very artistically inclined, and besides drawing, painting, and sculpture, plays and actually ENJOYS PRACTICING (eat your heart out, parents) the flute, and has been doing by choice for nearly three years. Oh, yeah, we remind her to practice, and sometimes it's tooth and nail to get her started, but more often than not, she runs significantly over her required amount of practice time (not only also since she started with the Adderall, but _especially_ since). We've had to adjust the dosage, as after the first introductory period, it was too high, and she was almost bi-polar, as a result, but after a dosage reduction, it's evened out and what a world of difference! We were really concerned about the potential for stifling creativity, but with Adderall, there has been no such effect -- her creative efforts have actually improved, in part due to being able to concentrate enough to get the drudgery out of the way so that she has more free time to explore her creative pursuits. I'm one of the first to be suspicious of pharmaceutical companies (and still am), but in this case, the results speak for themselves. Don't get me started on floride, though. -- Byron "Barn" Canfield ----------------------------- "Politics is a strife of interests masquerading as a contest of principles." -- Ambrose Bierce |
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"lvlyritameetr" wrote in message om... Edited for focus. My own son I was told was ADD until I nailed the entire "Child Study Team" with studies from medical journals to prove that this does not exist. Are you claiming that you found medical studies in peer reviewed medical journals that prove that AD/HD does not exist? I would abosolutely love to read them, so please provide the references so I can readily look them up. Eventually I was told he was just bored in some of his classrooms. When I met the two teachers who decided he had a problem, it is no wonder he was looking out the window and fiddling around with his pencil and paper, I would have been diagnosed myself with attention deficit disorder. BORING! Today every behavior including shyness and blurting out answers is patholigzed and a drug prescribed. If that was the sole criteria for AD/HD diagnosis, you would be right. Since it is not, you are wrong. Parents need to know that in many schools each child that is labeled with ADD, etc, the school gets extra funding for "special care". That lie has been put to rest many years ago. I am quite familiar with funding schools, having sat as a trustee on a school board, and know that every child who is identified as requiring special education services actually costs the district money. Parents often have to beg, fight and litigate to get their children what they need. I have only been advocating for children in this area for sixteen years, so, if I am wrong, please document my error with some real proof. That tells me there is a bounty on each childs head. It would be far better if there were a clue in some writer's heads. Why not find out what the underlying cause might be,,gee, perhaps I give my child too much sugar,, Proven not to cause AD/HD, next... too much dye in their fruit juices,, Proven not to cause AD/HD, next.... too much wheat No proof of causality found, next... too much dairy No proof of causlaity found, next... that can cause brain fog,, I won't comment on who has the brain fog.... food allergies in general can be the culprit in causing behavorial problems and really need to be addressed before parents run to their doctors and put their children on these psychotropic drugs. Well, if you did have any real knowledge of the diagnostic protocol for AD/HD, you would know that it requires that all other possible causes of the behavioral symptoms be ruled out before a diagnosis of AD/HD can be made. IOW, what you want is already on the books. |
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#9
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"Donna Metler" wrote in message . .. -- Donna DeVore Metler Orff Music Specialist/Band/Choir Mother to Angel Brian Anthony 1/1/2002, 22 weeks, severe PE/HELLP and "Cuddles", EDD 12/24/04 "lvlyritameetr" wrote in message om... We live in a society today that unfortunately is under the spell of pharmacuetical companies. Drug companies know that children and seniors are easy prey. Many parents lack the knowledge or don't have the time to do any research regarding ADD or AAP. Teachers are now becoming the so called experts in recognizing children with ADD and recommending that parents take their children to a professional for further evaluation. I am appalled that many parents today are so willing to put their children on these potent drugs with severe side effects including suicidal ideologies. My own son I was told was ADD until I nailed the entire "Child Study Team" with studies from medical journals to prove that this does not exist. Eventually I was told he was just bored in some of his classrooms. When I met the two teachers who decided he had a problem, it is no wonder he was looking out the window and fiddling around with his pencil and paper, I would have been diagnosed myself with attention deficit disorder. BORING! Today every behavior including shyness and blurting out answers is patholigzed and a drug prescribed. Parents need to know that in many schools each child that is labeled with ADD, etc, the school gets extra funding for "special care". That tells me there is a bounty on each childs head. Why not find out what the underlying cause might be,,gee, perhaps I give my child too much sugar,,too much dye in their fruit juices,,too much wheat, too much dairy that can cause brain fog,,food allergies in general can be the culprit in causing behavorial problems and really need to be addressed before parents run to their doctors and put their children on these psychotropic drugs. Students with ADD are not covered under IDEA (PL 94-142-the .law governing special education). Unless they have other learning disabilities which would be comvered without the diagnosis of AD/HD. Under the first Bush administration--1991--the Dep't of Education issued a memo dealing with this subject. Rather, modifications for such students fall under the rehabilitation act sec 504 and the ADA (504 plans). While IDEA is funded in a marginal way by the federal government, students on 504 plans are NOT funded under special education, and the school just is expected to make accommodations. Said accommodations are at the local taxpayers expense. ONLY if the child has a disability under IDEA, which requires more than just ADD, does any additional funding become available, and in most cases the funding provided is well under the additional costs for educating that child because students qualified under IDEA effectively have a blank check drawn on the school system for whatever their education costs. It is MUCH cheaper for the schools for a child to remain undiagnosed, whether with ADD/ADHD or anything else, because then there is no legal obligation to provide services beyond those provided to everyone. Well put. |
#10
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On Tue, 19 Oct 2004 18:55:54 GMT,Ritalin Pusher "Mark Probert" Mark
wrote: Gibberish. .... Ritalin Pushing Gibberish. http://www.humanticsfoundation.com/P...stProbert.html |
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